Why in news?
The Assam Forest Department and Wildlife Institute of India (WII) began a genetic analysis of confiscated rhino horns to curb illegal trade and strengthen conservation measures.
Key details
- Horn composition: Rhino horns are made of keratin (the same protein found in hair and nails), not bone. Their rapid growth and medicinal myths fuel poaching.
- Genetic database: By analysing DNA extracted from horns, scientists can link each horn to an individual rhino, deterring smuggling and aiding court cases.
- Threats: Greater one‑horned rhinos face poaching, habitat loss and illegal trade in their horns, which are falsely believed to cure various ailments.
- Conservation efforts: India and Nepal’s successful conservation programmes have increased the Greater One‑Horned Rhino population from fewer than 200 in the early 1900s to over 4,000 today. Protected areas like Kaziranga, Pobitora and Jaldapara play a critical role.
- Policy significance: Combining genetics with anti‑poaching operations enhances law enforcement and raises awareness about the futility of consuming rhino horn for medicine.