Why in news?
On 19 January 2026 the Indian government announced a national policy to recover critical minerals from tailings and mine dumps. The policy recognises that waste left over after mineral extraction can contain valuable elements needed for renewable energy technologies.
Background
Tailings are the finely ground residues that remain after ore is processed to extract metals. They are often stored in ponds or piles and can pose environmental hazards if not managed properly. India depends heavily on imports for minerals like lithium, cobalt, nickel and rare earths, which are essential for batteries, electric vehicles and clean‑energy infrastructure. Recovering these minerals from existing mine waste supports the country’s aim to build a secure and sustainable supply chain.
Key points of the policy
- Mapping tailings: Government agencies will work together to identify and map tailings ponds and mine dumps across India and assess their mineral content.
- Modern extraction: Technologies such as bioleaching and advanced chemical separation will be used to extract critical elements from waste while minimising environmental harm.
- Circular economy: By treating mine waste as a resource, the policy aims to reduce the need for new mining, lower pollution and create jobs.
- Regulatory framework: Clear guidelines will govern agreements between private companies and public authorities, ensuring safe operations and fair sharing of revenues.
Significance
- Recycling minerals from tailings can lessen India’s dependence on imports and reduce costs of renewable technologies.
- The policy promotes environmental stewardship by addressing the hazards of old mine waste while unlocking its economic value.
- It supports India’s energy transition and demonstrates how circular economy principles can be applied to the mining sector.
Conclusion
The country’s first tailings policy transforms mine waste from a liability into a potential asset. By recovering critical minerals from tailings, India can strengthen its supply chains for clean energy and improve environmental management.
Source: BS
