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Agni‑5: India’s Long‑Range Ballistic Missile

Why in news? India successfully conducted a night‑time flight test of the Agni‑5 ballistic missile in August 2025. The test validated the missile�...

Nigeria

Nigeria

Overview Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and a major player in West African affairs. Abuja is the capital, while Lagos remains the larg...

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Creamy Layer Equivalence in OBC Reservation

Why in news? The Centre is considering new guidelines to bring uniformity in the implementation of the “creamy layer” rule for Other Backward Clas...

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Green Hydrogen Potential – FICCI‑EY 2025 Report

Why in news? A joint report by the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) and Ernst & Young released in August 2025 concluded...

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Anna‑Chakra Supply Chain Optimisation Tool

Why in news? The central government launched the Anna‑Chakra platform across thirty states and Union Territories in August 2025. The digital tool u...

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Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Bill, 2025

Why in news? The government introduced amendments to the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act of 1957 in August 2025. The changes aim ...

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Brain‑Eating Amoeba (Naegleria fowleri)

Why in news? Three cases of infection by Naegleria fowleri — commonly known as the brain‑eating amoeba — were reported in Kerala in 2025. The ra...

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Soaps and Detergents

Why in news? The growing popularity of eco‑friendly cleaning products has led to renewed interest in how soaps and detergents are made and how they ...

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World Orangutan Day 2025

Why in news? World Orangutan Day is celebrated every year on 19 August. The 2025 theme urged people to save orangutans and the rainforests they inhabi...

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Rubella Elimination in Nepal

Why in news? On 18 August 2025 the World Health Organisation declared Nepal free of rubella. It became the first country in the WHO South‑East Asia ...

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Saltwater Crocodile

Why in news? The latest census in the Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve recorded 213 sightings of saltwater crocodiles in 2025, including a large number of...

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Mithi River UPSC Notes: Pollution, Flooding & Conservation

Why in news? Mumbai received over 300 millimetres of rainfall in a single day in August 2025. The downpour caused the Mithi River to swell to almost ...

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What True Empowerment of Women Entails

Why in news? In August 2025 a domestic worker in Karnataka took a powerful politician to court over alleged abuse. Her courage sparked debate about w...

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The Path to Ending Global Hunger Runs Through India

Why in news? The UN Food and Agriculture Organisation’s State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2025 reported that global undernourishmen...

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Water‑Scarce Districts in India

Why in news? In August 2025 the government released updated data on districts facing severe groundwater stress. It identified 193 districts across In...

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CEC Removal Process

Why in news? Opposition parties in August 2025 discussed moving an impeachment motion against the Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) Gyanesh Kumar. Th...

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Removable Solar Panel System

Why in news? Indian Railways unveiled the country’s first removable solar panel system in August 2025. The pilot installation in Banaras Locomotive...

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Indian Ports Bill, 2025

Why in news? In August 2025 the Rajya Sabha passed the Indian Ports Bill, 2025. The new legislation aims to replace the colonial‑era Indian Ports A...

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Nominations to Union Territory Assemblies

Why in news? The Union Home Ministry told the Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh High Court in August 2025 that the Lieutenant Governor could nominate five m...

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Indian Astronaut to Land on the Moon in 2040

Why in news? In a Lok Sabha session in August 2025, Union Minister Jitendra Singh announced that India aims to land an astronaut on the Moon by 2040....

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